2013-8-19
RCM 介绍
加拿大的音乐考级仅有一家，隶属于加拿大皇家音乐学院（The Royal Conservatory of Music），简称RCM考级，已百余年历史有余，每年冬、春、夏季考三次。如国内音乐考级一样，分不同科目，不同级别，演奏规定曲目，及有相应的考级教材出版，但它并不冠以“业余音乐考级”之名。RCM考级所设级别从入门级（Preparatory）开始，继而1-10（Grade1－Grade 10）级，直到表演证书、教师证书。当你通过教师级别证书考试的时候，意味着你可以从事相应科目的教学，所以，它不是专为业余学琴者而设立的考试，而是一个音乐考试体系。当然，低级别考级参加者还是以业余琴童为主。
参加者除了要参加演奏考试之外，还要参加相应的理论考试。从演奏5级开始，考试者就被要求参加理论考试。若未能通过理论考试，演奏成绩再好也不能取得级别证书。在演奏考试中，除了要考已经准备好的曲目之外，还要考视唱练耳（Ear Tests）和视奏（Sight Reading）。该考级没有国内跳级限制等要求，考生可以自由选择参考级别。
当孩子取得一定级别证书后，可以作为学分使用而免修相应课程。不同的省对应的学分不同，详见这个链接。
钢琴考试的级别及要求。（语嫣整理的）
|
钢琴等级 |
Repertoire （曲目） |
Studies/Etudes （练习曲） |
Technical Tests 基本练习（音阶、琶音、和弦演奏） |
Ear Tests 视唱练耳 |
Sight Reading 视奏 |
Theory Co-requisite 乐理要求 |
|
Preparatory A |
Two selections from the Repertoire List |
no |
Pentascales in: C, G, D major and A minor |
Clapback Playback |
Playing，Clapping |
none |
|
Preparatory B |
Two selections from the Repertoire List |
no |
Major keys: C, G, A, E and F major Minor keys: A, E and D minor-scales, pentascales, contrary motion scales and triads |
Clapback Playback |
Playing，Clapping |
none |
|
Grade 1 |
One selection from List A: Baroque and Classical Repertoire 18 |
one study or etude from Syllabus list |
Major keys: C, G, F |
Clapback Playback |
Playing/Clapping |
none |
|
Grade 2 |
One selection from List A: Baroque and Classical Repertoire 18 |
one study or etude from Syllabus list |
Major keys: C, G, F, B flat |
Clapback |
Playing |
none |
|
Grade 3 |
One selection from List A: Baroque Repertoire 18 |
two studies or etudes from Syllabus list |
Major keys: G, D, F, B flat |
Clapback |
Playing |
none |
|
Grade 4 |
One selection from List A: Baroque 18 |
two studies or etudes from Syllabus list |
Major keys: D, A, B flat, E flat |
Clapback |
Playing |
none |
|
Grade 5 |
One selection from List A: Baroque 18 |
two studies or etudes from Syllabus list |
Major keys: A, E, E flat, A flat |
Clapback |
Playing |
Basic Rudiments |
|
Grade 6 |
One selection from List A: Baroque 18 |
two studies or etudes from Syllabus list |
Major keys: G, E, F, A flat, D flat |
Clapback |
Playing |
Intermediate Rudiments |
|
Grade 7 |
One selection from List A: Baroque Repertoire 18 |
two studies or etudes from Syllabus list |
Major keys: C, D, B, F, B flat, A flat, D flat |
Clapback |
Playing |
Advanced Rudiments |
|
Grade 8 |
One selection from List A: Baroque Repertoire 16 (1.5) |
two studies or etudes from Syllabus list |
Major keys: C, D, A, E, B, B flat, E flat, G flat Minor keys: C, D, A, E, B, B flat, E flat, F#-parallel motion scales, staccato scales, formula pattern scales, chromatic scales, scales in octaves, tonic four-note chords, dominant 7th and diminished 7th chords, tonic arpeggios, dominant 7th and diminished 7th arpeggios |
Clapback |
Playing |
Advanced Rudiments and Introductory Harmony (recommended) |
|
Grade 9 |
One selection from List A: Baroque Repertoire 16 (1.5) |
two studies or etudes from Syllabus list |
Major keys: ALL Minor keys: ALL-parallel motion scales, staccato scales, formula pattern scales, chromatic scales, scales in octaves, tonic four-note chords, dominant 7th and diminished 7th chords, tonic arpeggios, dominant 7th and diminished 7th arpeggios |
Clapback |
Playing |
Advanced Rudiments |
|
Grade 10 |
One selection from List A: Works of J.S. Bach 12 (1.5) |
two studies/etudes from the Syllabus list |
|
Clapback |
Playing |
Advanced Rudiments |
下表专门针对不同等级对应的曲目要求。
翻译如下：（我不是专业人士，如果翻译有错的请指正。）
Baroque and Classical Repertoire 巴罗克或古典主义时期作品
Baroque Repertoire 巴罗克时期作品
Works of J.S. Bach 巴赫的作品
20th- and 21st- century Repertoire 20世纪和21世纪作品
Classical and Classicalstyle Repertoire 古典主义或古典主义风格作品
Classical Repertoire 古典主义作品
Classical Sonatas 古典主义奏鸣曲
Inventions 创意曲
Romantic, 20th-, and 21st-century Repertoire浪漫主义，20世纪作品，21世纪作品
Romantic and 20th-century Repertoire 浪漫主义或20世纪作品
Romantic Repertoire 浪漫主义作品
Post-Romantic and 20th century Repertoire 后浪漫主义，20世纪作品
Post-Romantic, 20th-, and 21st-century Repertoire后浪漫主义，20世纪作品，21世纪作品
Post-Romantic and Early 20th Century Repertoire后浪漫主义，20世纪早期作品
20th-century Repertoire 20世纪作品
RCM考级的评分
加拿大考级的评分采用百分制计分，通过分是60分，实践证明考级的通过率不低，但从平均分上看，分数给的还是挺严格的，这个链接是RCM各门考试的平均分清单。https://examinations.rcmusic.ca/academic-resources/national-averages
钢琴相关的AUGUST 2012考试的平均分如下：
| Subject | Level | Average Grade |
| Preparatory A Piano | 0 | 88 |
| Preparatory B Piano | 0 | 86 |
| Piano | 1 | 84 |
| Piano | 2 | 82 |
| Piano | 3 | 79 |
| Piano | 4 | 78 |
| Piano | 5 | 77 |
| Piano | 6 | 77 |
| Piano | 7 | 77 |
| Piano | 8 | 73 |
| Piano | 9 | 77 |
| Piano | 10 | 74 |
| Grade 10 Piano Split: Repertoire | 10 | 44 |
| Grade 10 Piano Split: Tech, Ear & Sight | 10 | 34 |
| Grade 10 Piano Supplemental | 10 | 32 |
| ARCT Piano Performers | 73 | |
| Elementary Piano Pedagogy | 78 | |
| Elementary Piano Pedagogy Written | 76 | |
| Intermediate Piano Pedagogy | 74 | |
| Intermediate Piano Pedagogy Written | 75 | |
| Advanced Piano Pedagogy Written | 85 | |
| ARCT Advanced Piano Pedagogy Practical | - | |
| ARCT Piano Pedagogy Viva Voce | - |
一般来说，考场内只有一个考官，既负责打分数，写评语，又负责弹奏听音试题。级别不同考试时间也不同，五级大概要考15分钟左右，八级则至少要30分钟。每个考试者按自己的意愿填好一张考试顺序的表格，并提交演奏作品的谱子给考官，但是考官并不接受复印件，如果提交了谱子的复印件而非版权授予的谱子，则取消考试资格。 下面是针对不同等级的详细考试要求及评分方法，以及每个等级所用到的书。
http://www.torontomeet.com/threads/about-daughter/item/588-rcm-piano-preparatory-a-to-grade-10.html
Preparatory A
Preparatory B
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5
Grade 6
Grade 7
Grade 8
Grade 9
Grade 10
有些老师建议到8级才参加考试，因为只有8级证书才有用，前面的等级证书没有用。
女儿在国内的时候是从2级就开始参加考试了，我个人的意见是考试不仅仅是为了证书，同时也是给孩子的一个鼓励，包括对老师的一种督促。所以我并不主张到8级才去考。考试费也不贵，最主要是学琴的费用可贵了。我总觉得考试就像是有个目标在那里，我很明显的会体会到有考试的压力在，无论是老师还是孩子都会更加的用心。所以这也是为什么我本来打算不让女儿参加9级的考试，8级考了后，直接就参加10级的，后来我又改变主意了，让女儿还是参加了9级的考试，结果她拿了个91分回来，一直都很引以为荣。不仅仅有考试，女儿每年也都至少参加一次的钢琴比赛的，也经常会拿奖回来，这也是她一直对钢琴有很大兴趣的原因之一。
我建议可以从4级开始考，然后6，8, 9, 10，当然也要看孩子和家里的安排，我不主张只为了要个学分就考个8级，那样孩子也会认为她学琴就是为了那个8级证书。
安省的音乐等级转学分的对照表
Transfer credits cannot be given for any practical examination. Conservatory Canada equivalent courses with RCM Examinations.
PLEASE NOTE: Students must pass both the Practical AND the Theory components as given above in order to receive high school credit. Students are urged to check with their own school and/or provincial officials to confirm details and regulations for receiving credit.
每个省的制度是不同的。其他省的见这个链接。
RCM考级的特点
首先，国内考级要求必须背谱，否则没有资格参加考试。而RCM考级则要求10级以上必须背谱演奏，9级以下（含9级）则设立了背谱分数，且这一分数对应的是那三、四首不同时期的曲目，练习曲可以不背奏，基本练习则要背奏。设立了背谱分数就意味着，孩子不背谱也可以参加考级，即使失去了背谱分也是有可能通过考试的。
或者我们可以这样理解，随着程度的增加考试的难度也在增加。低级别以鼓励为主，而到了高级别则意味着考生有可能从事专业工作，需严格要求。在考级提纲中这样写到，参加者欲申请表演或教师的考试必须完成10级的演奏考试，且总分在75或至少每个考试项目得到70％的分数。申请教师证书则年龄要在18岁以上，且至少有一年实际教学经验。
其次，每一级别几乎都要准备两首练习曲，但是它们总共才占12分，每首6分。这也从一个侧面反映出加拿大的考级对基本演奏技术的重视不如国内。从技术难度讲，相较国内考级相同级别的曲目，RCM考级技术难度要低一到两个级别（然而，10级曲目的难度并不低于国内，有的作品还高些）。
要想取得高级别证书，理论考试是“躲”不过去的。在加拿大考过八级的孩子不少，也就是说很多孩子都能掌握基本乐理2级的程度。乐理2级（Rudiments 2）要求考生在两个小时内，完成8页的习题。据笔者比较，虽广度不如国内高校音乐学科乐理入学考试，但题目深度几乎有过之而无不及，甚至有些题目的难度堪比结业水平。
2016-2-1
钢琴的教师证书分为三个等级。
The Structure of the Program
Three Levels
The Piano Pedagogy Certificate Program consists of three levels: Elementary, Intermediate, and Advanced.
• The Elementary level specifically addresses issues of piano pedagogy in the context of teaching beginning level students, and students in Grades 1 and 2.
这个级别的只能教1和2级的学生。
• The Intermediate level addresses issues of piano pedagogy in the context of teaching students in Grades 3, 4, 5, and 6.
这个级别的可以教3,4,5,6级别的学生。
• The Advanced level addresses issues of piano pedagogy in the context of teaching students in Grades 7, 8, 9, and 10.
这个级别的可以教7,8,9,10的学生。
Three Parts
Each level of the Piano Pedagogy Certificate Program consists of three parts:
• Part 1 – a practical piano co-requisite
• Part 2 – a viva voce examination
• Part 3 – a written examination
The Part 1 practical piano co-requisite for each level is:
• Elementary level: Grade 9 Piano Certificate 这个级别的必须是通过9级的考试。就是说9级通过的可以教1,2级的学生。
• Intermediate level: Grade 10 Piano Certificate 10级通过的可以教3,4,5,6级别的学生。
• Advanced level: Teacher’s ARCT Part 1 (Performance of Repertoire, Technical Requirements, Ear Tests and Sight Reading) 演奏级ARCT通过的可以教7,8,9,10级别的学生。
Finally, the three levels are cumulative. Candidates for the Intermediate Piano Pedagogy Certificate must have successfully completed all the requirements for the Elementary Piano Pedagogy Certificate. Candidates for the Advanced Piano Pedagogy/Teacher’s ARCT Diploma, must have successfully completed all the requirements for both the Elementary and Intermediate levels. Moreover, candidates for the Intermediate and Advanced examinations should expect some reference in the examination to earlier levels.
